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Created by The Core DJ's Jul 6, 2014 at 4:25pm. Last updated by The Core DJ's Jul 6, 2014.
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Created by The Core DJ's Jul 6, 2014 at 4:18pm. Last updated by The Core DJ's Jul 6, 2014.
Kidney Cancer
Definition of kidney cancer: Cancer that forms in tissues of the kidneys. Kidney cancer includes renal cell carcinoma (cancer that forms in the lining of very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products) and renal pelvis carcinoma (cancer that forms in the center of the kidney where urine collects). It also includes Wilms tumor, which is a type of kidney cancer that usually develops in children under the age of 5.
Estimated new cases and deaths from kidney (renal cell and renal pelvis) cancer in the United States in 2008:
New cases: 54,390
Deaths: 13,010
Introduction
This National Cancer Institute (NCI) booklet (NIH Publication No. 03-1569) has important information about cancer* of the kidney. It discusses possible causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It also has information to help patients cope with kidney cancer.
Scientists are studying kidney cancer to learn more about this disease. They are finding out more about its causes, and doctors also are exploring new ways to treat it. This research keeps increasing our knowledge about kidney cancer. The NCI provides the most up-to-date information over the telephone and on the Internet:
Telephone: Information Specialists at NCI's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER can answer questions about cancer and can send materials published by NCI.
Internet: People can ask questions online and get immediate help through LiveHelp on the Internet. Many NCI booklets and fact sheets can be viewed at http://cancer.gov/publications. People in the United States and its territories may use this Web site to order publications. This Web site also explains how people outside the United States can mail or fax their requests for NCI publications.
The kidneys are a pair of organs on either side of the spine in the lower abdomen. Each kidney is about the size of a fist. Attached to the top of each kidney is an adrenal gland. A mass of fatty tissue and an outer layer of fibrous tissue (Gerota's fascia) enclose the kidneys and adrenal glands.
The kidneys are part of the urinary tract. They make urine by removing wastes and extra water from the blood. Urine collects in a hollow space (renal pelvis) in the middle of each kidney. It passes from the renal pelvis into the bladder through a tube called a ureter. Urine leaves the body through another tube (the urethra).
The kidneys also make substances that help control blood pressure and the production of red blood cells.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of kidney cancer include:
Blood in the urine (making the urine slightly rusty to deep red)
Pain in the side that does not go away
A lump or mass in the side or the abdomen
Weight loss
Fever
Feeling very tired or having a general feeling of poor health
Most often, these symptoms do not mean cancer. An infection, a cyst, or another problem also can cause the same symptoms. A person with any of these symptoms should see a doctor so that any problem can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
Diagnosis
If a patient has symptoms that suggest kidney cancer, the doctor may perform one or more of the following procedures:
Physical exam: The doctor checks general signs of health and tests for fever and high blood pressure. The doctor also feels the abdomen and side for tumors.
Urine tests: Urine is checked for blood and other signs of disease.
Blood tests: The lab checks the blood to see how well the kidneys are working. The lab may check the level of several substances, such as creatinine. A high level of creatinine may mean the kidneys are not doing their job.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP): The doctor injects dye into a vein in the arm. The dye travels through the body and collects in the kidneys. The dye makes them show up on x-rays. A series of x-rays then tracks the dye as it moves through the kidneys to the ureters and bladder. The x-rays can show a kidney tumor or other problems.
CT scan (CAT scan): An x-ray machine linked to a computer takes a series of detailed pictures of the kidneys. The patient may receive an injection of dye so the kidneys show up clearly in the pictures. A CT scan can show a kidney tumor.
Ultrasound test: The ultrasound device uses sound waves that people cannot hear. The waves bounce off the kidneys, and a computer uses the echoes to create a picture called a sonogram. A solid tumor or cyst shows up on a sonogram.
Biopsy: In some cases, the doctor may do a biopsy. A biopsy is the removal of tissue to look for cancer cells. The doctor inserts a thin needle through the skin into the kidney to remove a small amount of tissue. The doctor may use ultrasound or x-rays to guide the needle. A pathologist uses a microscope to look for cancer cells in the tissue.
Surgery: In most cases, based on the results of the CT scan, ultrasound, and x-rays, the doctor has enough information to recommend surgery to remove part or all of the kidney. A pathologist makes the final diagnosis by examining the tissue under a microscope.
Estimated new cases and deaths from kidney (renal cell and renal pelvis) cancer in the United States in 2008:
New cases: 54,390
Deaths: 13,010
Introduction
This National Cancer Institute (NCI) booklet (NIH Publication No. 03-1569) has important information about cancer* of the kidney. It discusses possible causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It also has information to help patients cope with kidney cancer.
Scientists are studying kidney cancer to learn more about this disease. They are finding out more about its causes, and doctors also are exploring new ways to treat it. This research keeps increasing our knowledge about kidney cancer. The NCI provides the most up-to-date information over the telephone and on the Internet:
Telephone: Information Specialists at NCI's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER can answer questions about cancer and can send materials published by NCI.
Internet: People can ask questions online and get immediate help through LiveHelp on the Internet. Many NCI booklets and fact sheets can be viewed at http://cancer.gov/publications. People in the United States and its territories may use this Web site to order publications. This Web site also explains how people outside the United States can mail or fax their requests for NCI publications.
The kidneys are a pair of organs on either side of the spine in the lower abdomen. Each kidney is about the size of a fist. Attached to the top of each kidney is an adrenal gland. A mass of fatty tissue and an outer layer of fibrous tissue (Gerota's fascia) enclose the kidneys and adrenal glands.
The kidneys are part of the urinary tract. They make urine by removing wastes and extra water from the blood. Urine collects in a hollow space (renal pelvis) in the middle of each kidney. It passes from the renal pelvis into the bladder through a tube called a ureter. Urine leaves the body through another tube (the urethra).
The kidneys also make substances that help control blood pressure and the production of red blood cells.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of kidney cancer include:
Blood in the urine (making the urine slightly rusty to deep red)
Pain in the side that does not go away
A lump or mass in the side or the abdomen
Weight loss
Fever
Feeling very tired or having a general feeling of poor health
Most often, these symptoms do not mean cancer. An infection, a cyst, or another problem also can cause the same symptoms. A person with any of these symptoms should see a doctor so that any problem can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
Diagnosis
If a patient has symptoms that suggest kidney cancer, the doctor may perform one or more of the following procedures:
Physical exam: The doctor checks general signs of health and tests for fever and high blood pressure. The doctor also feels the abdomen and side for tumors.
Urine tests: Urine is checked for blood and other signs of disease.
Blood tests: The lab checks the blood to see how well the kidneys are working. The lab may check the level of several substances, such as creatinine. A high level of creatinine may mean the kidneys are not doing their job.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP): The doctor injects dye into a vein in the arm. The dye travels through the body and collects in the kidneys. The dye makes them show up on x-rays. A series of x-rays then tracks the dye as it moves through the kidneys to the ureters and bladder. The x-rays can show a kidney tumor or other problems.
CT scan (CAT scan): An x-ray machine linked to a computer takes a series of detailed pictures of the kidneys. The patient may receive an injection of dye so the kidneys show up clearly in the pictures. A CT scan can show a kidney tumor.
Ultrasound test: The ultrasound device uses sound waves that people cannot hear. The waves bounce off the kidneys, and a computer uses the echoes to create a picture called a sonogram. A solid tumor or cyst shows up on a sonogram.
Biopsy: In some cases, the doctor may do a biopsy. A biopsy is the removal of tissue to look for cancer cells. The doctor inserts a thin needle through the skin into the kidney to remove a small amount of tissue. The doctor may use ultrasound or x-rays to guide the needle. A pathologist uses a microscope to look for cancer cells in the tissue.
Surgery: In most cases, based on the results of the CT scan, ultrasound, and x-rays, the doctor has enough information to recommend surgery to remove part or all of the kidney. A pathologist makes the final diagnosis by examining the tissue under a microscope.
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